## Probability and Computing: Chapter 1 Exercises

Exercise 1.5:

Let $E_{n,m}$ be the event that Bob’s number is $n$ and Alice ‘s number is $m$; $E$ be the event that Alice wins.

(a): $E = Pr(E_{1,2}) + Pr(E_{1,4}) + Pr(E_{1,9}) + Pr(E_{6,9}) + Pr(E_{8,9}) =\frac{5}{9}$

(b): $E = Pr(E_{2,3}) + Pr(E_{2,5}) + Pr(E_{2,7}) + Pr(E_{4,5}) + Pr(E_{4,7}) =\frac{5}{9}$

(c): $E = Pr(E_{3,6}) + Pr(E_{3,8}) + Pr(E_{5,6}) + Pr(E_{5,8}) + Pr(E_{7,8}) =\frac{5}{9}$

Exercise 1.6:

Let $E_{k,n}$ be the event that there are k white balls (in a total off n balls) in the bin, B be the event that we pick out black ball, W be the event that we pick out white ball at one turn.
We will prove by induction the following statement:

$Pr(E_{1,n}) = Pr(E_{2,n})=...=Pr(E_{n-1,n})$

– The statement is true for $n= 2$

– Assume that the statement is true for some $n=k\ge 2$:

$Pr(E_{1,k}) = Pr(E_{2,k})=...=Pr(E_{k-1,k})$.

We will prove that it will aslo be true for $n = k + 1$, that is :

$Pr(E_{1,k + 1}) = Pr(E_{2,k + 1})=...=Pr(E_{k,k + 1})$

– Indeed, we have:

$Pr(E_{1, k + 1}) = Pr(B\mid E_{1,k}) = \frac{k-1}{k}.$

$Pr(E_{2,k + 1}) = Pr(B \mid E_{2,k}) + Pr(W \mid E_{1,k}) = \frac{k-2}{k} + \frac{1}{k} = \frac{k - 1}{k}.$

In general:

$Pr(E_{i,k + 1}) = Pr(B\mid E_{i,k}) + Pr(W\mid E_{i -1,k}) = \frac{k-i}{k} + \frac{i-1}{k}=\frac{k-1}{k}$

Thus,

$Pr(E_{1,k + 1}) = Pr(E_{2,k + 1})=...=Pr(E_{k,k + 1})=\frac{k-1}{k}$

Base on induction, the first statement is true.

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### 22 responses to this post.

1. […] Webに転がってる解答 https://thethong.wordpress.com/2009/09/17/probability-and-computing-chapter-1-exercises/ を一部修正しただけですが． […]

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2. Posted by Anonymous on September 8, 2011 at 2:57 pm

I have a different answer for this problem. when the white ball is just 1, so the probability for this situation is : 1/2 * 2/3 * 3/4……..*(n-1)/n = 1/n ,where n is the total numbers of bin. For the other sitution ,the answer is the same

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3. Posted by Anonymous on May 25, 2012 at 11:49 pm

ex5 very simple but ínteresting. Alice always has choice to win

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